Three steps forward, two steps back.

Back-stepping, hidden substeps, and conditional dwell times in molecular motors.

Processive molecular motors take more-or-less uniformly sized steps, along spatially periodic tracks, mostly forwards but increasingly backwards under loads. Experimentally, the major steps can be resolved clearly within the noise but one knows biochemically that one or more mechanochemical substeps remain hidden in each enzymatic cycle. In order to properly interpret experimental data for back...

Managing ethnic diversity in Georgia: one step forward, two steps back

Efficient Pebbling for List Traversal Synopses

We show how to support efficient back traversal in a unidirectional list, using small memory and with essentially no slowdown in forward steps. Using O(lg n) memory for a list of size n, the i’th back-step from the farthest point reached so far takes O(lg i) time in the worst case, while the overhead per forward step is at most ǫ for arbitrary small constant ǫ > 0. An arbitrary sequence of forw...

Chapter 1 Race - Based Medicine : One Step Forward , Two Steps Back ? 7

Proposed standards for quality improvement research and publication: one step forward and two steps back.